CHEMICAL VOCABULARY

CHEMICAL

VOCABULARY

NO	VOCABULARY	EXPLANATION
1	Absolute Zero	A theoretical condition concerning a system at zero Kelvin where a system does not emit or absorb energy (all atoms are at rest)
2	Acid Dissociation Constant	An equilibrium constant for thedissociation of a weak acid
3	Addition Reaction	Within organic chemistry, when two or more molecules combine to make a larger one
4	Base	A substance that accepts a proton and has a high ph ; a common example is sodium hydroxide (naoh)
5	Burette (Also Buret)	Glassware used to dispense specific amounts of liquid when precision is necessary (e. G. Titration and resource dependent reactions)
6	Chemical Law	Certain rules that pertain to the laws of nature and chemistry
7	Compound	A substance that is made up of two or more chemically bonded elements
8	Crystal	A solid that is packed with ions, molecules or atoms in an orderly fashion
9	Dipole Moment	The polarity of a polar covalent bond
10	Dissolution Or Solvation	The spread of ions in a solvent
11	Electron	A subatomic particle with a net charge that is negative
12	Faraday Constant	A unit of electrical charge widely used in electrochemistry and equal to ~ 96,500 coulombs.
13	Geochemistry	The chemistry of and chemical composition of the Earth
14	Halogens	Group 17 on the Periodic Table and are all non - metals
15	Indicator	A special compound added to solution that changes color Depending on the acidity of the solution; different indicators have different colors and effective ph ranges
16	Kinetics	A sub-field of chemistry specializing in reaction rates
17	Liquid	A state of matter which takes the shape of its container
18	Metalloid	A substance possessing both the properties of metals and non-metals
19	Molecule	A chemically bonded number of atoms that are electrically neutral
20	Molecular Orbital	Region where an electron can be found in a molecule (as opposed to an atom)
21	Neutron	A neutral unit or subatomic particle that has no net charge
22	Gibbs Energy	Value that indicates the spontaneity of a reaction (usually symbolized as G )
23	Jodium	Latin name of the halogen element iodine
24	Inorganic Compound	Compounds that do not contain carbon, though there are exceptions (see main article)
25	Electron Shells	An orbital around the atom’s nucleus that has a fixed number electrons (usually two or eight)
26	Electric Charge	A measured property (coulombs ) that determine electromagnetic interaction
27	Element	An atom that is defined by its atomic number
28	Energy	A system’s ability to do work
29	Enthalpy	Measure of the total energy of a thermodynamic system (usually symbolized as H )
30	Entropy	The amount of energy not available for work in a closed thermodynamic system (usually symbolized as S)
31	Enzyme	A protein that speeds up (catalyses) a reaction
32	Compound	A substance that is made up of two or more chemically bonded elements
33	Condensation	The phase change from gas to liquid
34	Conductor	Material that allows electric flow more freely
35	Covalent Bond	Chemical bond that involves sharing electrons
36	Deionization	The removal of ions, and in water’s case mineral ions such as sodium, iron and calcium
37	Dipole	Lectric or magnetic separation of charge
38	Atomic Number	The number representing an element which corresponds with the number of protons within the nucleus
39	Boiling	The phase transition of liquid vaporizing
40	Cell Potential	The force in a galvanic cell that pulls electron through reducing agent to oxidizing agent